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Research SubjectsSIMULATION METHODS

Application of Human-scale Immersive VR System for Environmental Design Assessment
- A Proposal for an Architectural Design Evaluation Tool

<Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, Pp.57-64, May 2007> 
Jaeho RYU, Naoki HASHIMOTO, Makoto SATO, Masashi SOEDA, Ryuzo OHNO,

     

In order to improve the quality of everyday life in urban areas, it is important to properly design public spaces such as plazas and streets where urban residents spend many hours during commuting and their spare time. One of the hardest problems at the initial stage of environmental design is the verification and evaluation of the planning of environmental space before actual construction. The virtual reality (VR) technology could be one of the solutions for this kind of problem. Although several technologies have been introduced, such as head-mounted display (HMD) and PC-monitor-based VR (including web-3D), the lack of a sense of presence, as well as interaction methods are still unresolved issues. Therefore, we are suggesting the use of a multi-projection display system with multimodal interfaces, which is our original system for virtual experience, as a potential candidate to solve the lack of presence and interaction. In this study, several experiments related to urban environmental design evaluation have been carried out. We also introduce one of the main points of this study, which is the unique and elaborate cooperative relationship between architectural and non-architectural departments of our university when conducting human behavior experiments using heavily computer-oriented devices. To carry out the experiments, the multi-projector display system, D-vision, which has a 180° viewing angle, and the original navigation interface, Tum-table, were used to provide a high sense of presence and high-resolution images to the user.

Poster -> PDF


The Effects of Architectural Treatments on Reducing Oppressed Feelings Caused by High-rise Buildings

<Spatial Simulation and Urban Design : 6th Conference of the European Architectural Endoscopy Association, Pp.28-35, 2003> 
Masashi SOEDA, Ryuzo OHNO, Jaeho RYU, Naoki HASHIMOTO, Makoto SATO

The authors conducted an experiment to examine the effectiveness of architectural treatments in reducing oppressed feelings caused by high-rise buildings along city streets. To create a virtual experience on the streets, computer graphic images of the streets were projected on an immersive projection display (6.3m x 4.0m) that moved according to the subject's walking pace on the stepping sensor placed in front of the display. The results indicated that installing transparent glass on the walls of buildings and arcading significantly reduced oppressed feelings. The effectiveness of the treatments was found to depend on the extent of the subjects’ visual awareness.

     

Poster -> PDF


Effectiveness of Design Guideline for improving Streetscapes

<Spatial Simulation and Urban Design : 6th Conference of the European Architectural Endoscopy Association, Pp.21-27, 2003> 
Ryuzo Ohno, Kohei Nakashima, Masashi Soeda

     

 Municipal governments or developers make design guidelines to create a harmonious streetscape in a new town. The regulations, however, have often decided arbitrarily without any empirical research. The present study employed a visual simulation system to test the effects of such physical features of the buildings as color, height, flatness of the building facade and its recess from the street on pedestrians' impressions of the place. Thirty subjects were asked to rate their impressions of "order", "simple", and to evaluate the atmosphere after experienced the simulated scenes. The results revealed some relations between the physical features and the pedestrians' response.

Full paper -> PDF


Development of an Interactive Simulation System for Environment-Behavior Study

<Proceedings of 4th Conference of the European Architectural Endoscopy Association, pp.36-49, 1999> (piblished in 2001)
Ryuzo Ohno,  Hirofumi Aoki, 

Full paper -> PDF
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 Considering psychological impact of environmental changes caused by building construction and urban development, we have to simulate the proposed environment in advance to examine our ideas and concepts whether or not they work as expected. An important recent development in the simulation techniques was the changes in the mode of presentation: from passive mode to active one. It is now possible to present an image according to the observer’s voluntary movement of body and head by means of a head-mounted display. Such interactive simulation system, which allows people to observe what they like to see, is suitable to study environmental perception, because active attention is essential to manipulate enormous information in the environment.
The present paper reports two case studies in which an interactive simulation system was developed to test psychological impact of interior and exterior spaces: the case study 1 intended to clarify the effect of the disposition of transparent and opaque surfaces of a room on the occupants' "sense of enclosure", the case study 2 intended to make clear some physical features along a street which are influential for changing atmosphere In addition to the empirical research, an attempt to develop a new simulation system which uses both analogue and digital images is briefly reported, and a preliminary experiment was conducted to test the performance of the simulation system in which such movable elements as pedestrians and cars generated by real-time CG were overlaid on the video image of a scale model street.

Perception of the Sense of Enclosure in Interior Spaces with Variations in Transparent and Opaque Surfaces

<Environment-Behavior Research on the Pacific Rim: Proceedings of PaPER 98, in printing, the 11th International Conference on People and Physical Environment Research, pp. 35-42, 2001> 

Ryuzo Ohno, Keiichiro Hara

 Contemporary buildings often feature enclosed spaces with large areas of window glazing. This study was made to assess the effect on the occupants "sense of enclosure" of different positions and amounts of transparent and opaque surfaces for both daytime and nighttime conditions. Subjects wearing a head-mounted display device permitting a high degree of head movement virtually "visited" a scale model space, under day and night conditions, whose enclosing surfaces were systematically varied with either transparent or opaque surfaces.
Analyses of the results indicated that :
1) Judgments of "degree of enclosure" clearly differentiated between spaces with transparent ceiling and those with an opaque ceiling.
2) Subjects feel less enclosed in a space with two adjacent transparent walls than with other arrangements of the same transparent and opaque walls.
3) Larger variation of "degree of enclosure" was noted in case that a transparent ceiling turns to an opaque ceiling than a transparent wall turns to an opaque wall in the daytime, but the opposite was true in the nighttime.
4) The variance of "degree of enclosure" between transparent and opaque surfaces was larger in the daytime than in the nighttime

Full paper -> PDF

A Study on the Articulation of Street Spaces Based on Measurement of Ambient Visual Information

<Summaries of Technical Paper of Annual Meeting of Architectural Institute of Japan (E-1) , Pp.941-946, Sep.1998> 
Satoshi HASEGAWA, Miki KOBAYASHI, Ryuzo OHNO

 We perceive a continuous street as a series of separated spaces of different atmosphere. The present study attempts to make clear some physical features which are influential for articulation of street spaces based on the sensory stimulus information from the environment.
At first, a popular shopping street in Tokyo, Omote Sando Street, was chosen as a experimental site. After strolling along the street, ten subjects were asked to divide the street into some areas of different atmosphere, and then they were asked to walk again along the street to pointing out the place where the atmosphere changed. With this result, some physical features for articulation of spaces was postulated.
Second, a program was developed to measured ambient visual information based on the survey map of the street. The ambient visual information included such measures as visible area of trees and spatial volume, as well as texture of building facade. As compared the articulation point with the significant changes in sequential profile of ambient visual information, some primary physical features for articulation in the street were obtained.
Third, the physical features for articulation in the street were examined by an experiment using the space-sequence simulator, which allows the subject go through and look around in a scale model space. After availability of simulation for judging articulation of the space was tested, an experiment using a series of modified model streets was conducted to verify the relevance of the physical features.


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